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vejeteryan pizza ne lan


gecko

Öne çıkan mesajlar

Editor's Note and Disclaimer:
Although not for everybody, a vegan diet does indeed have many health benefits, and if planned appropriately, it can be a healthy diet for children. Parents, especially if they are vegans, can feel reassured that they can raise their kids to be vegans too. The article mentions that children raised on a vegan diet are 'sick less often' and that the breast milk of women on a vegan diet is 'void of many toxins and pesticides,' and that this may give 'a vegan baby an even better chance for short and long term health.' These comments are the opinions of the author and have not been confirmed by medical or scientific studies. The purpose of this article is more to teach parents on how to safely raise a child as a vegan and not to convert all parents to this type of diet.


devamı var onun :p
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Bone said:

yumurta peynir süt şahane şeylerdir ama veganlarla dalga geçmeyin, herkesin yemek zevki ve hayat görüşü farklı.
ben kendi zevkinden değil çocuğa yaptığı haksızlıktan bahsediyorum. çocuğun suçu ne yahu? annesi babası öyle istiyor diye, asla gelişimi için yeterli olan protein miktarını karşılayamayacak ve yetersiz beslenecek. fiber ihtiyacını karşılayabilmek için binlerce kalori alması gerekecek vs. vs. milyon tane şey var hepsini hatırlamam mümkün değil ancak çocukların rahatça dengeli beslenmesi yerine gelişimleri için asla yeterli olmayacak aptal vegan diyetleriyle beslenmelerini acımasızca buluyorum.
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Farkındaysanız bütün vegan dietlerinde planned appropriately diye bas bas söylüyorlar ; yani önüne gelen otu yiyip hayata devam ediceksin demek değil.İnsan vücudunun gelişimi için gerekli besin değerleri ve ne kadar alınması gerektiği belli.Bu gıda değerlerine göre tek tek seçilip oluşturulmuş bitkisel dietler var.
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DoruK said:

Bone said:

yumurta peynir süt şahane şeylerdir ama veganlarla dalga geçmeyin, herkesin yemek zevki ve hayat görüşü farklı.
ben kendi zevkinden değil çocuğa yaptığı haksızlıktan bahsediyorum. çocuğun suçu ne yahu? annesi babası öyle istiyor diye, asla gelişimi için yeterli olan protein miktarını karşılayamayacak ve yetersiz beslenecek. fiber ihtiyacını karşılayabilmek için binlerce kalori alması gerekecek vs. vs. milyon tane şey var hepsini hatırlamam mümkün değil ancak çocukların rahatça dengeli beslenmesi yerine gelişimleri için asla yeterli olmayacak aptal vegan diyetleriyle beslenmelerini acımasızca buluyorum.

Ne demek abi protein yetersiz baklagiller,tahıl,soya ürünleri ..vs ne güne duruyor, bunların hepsi fiber olarak da yüksek.
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al abi kol gibi makale ya
said:
Vegan Children

by Shannon Martinez-Pedersen, MS and Carol M.Meerschaert, RD

Vegan children may be part of a family following a vegan lifestyle, or may have chosen a vegan diet for themselves. Scientific literature shows a positive relationship between vegetarian diets and reduced risk for several chronic diseases and conditions, including obesity, coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and some types of cancer (1). The American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada states that raising a child vegetarian is healthful and beneficial so long as the diet is planned appropriately (1). This article will examine vegan diets for children from infancy to adolescence, discuss important nutrients and give practical meal planning tips for vegan children and their parents.

Diet for infancy

Dietary guidelines for infancy (birth to age 12 months) suggest all children spend most of infancy on a vegetarian, if not vegan diet, as meat is the last food group to be introduced.

Breastfeeding is the recommended feeding method for infants. Assuming nutrient intake is adequate, the milk produced by vegan mothers is nutritionally comparable to non-vegetarian mothers (1). Breastfeeding rates among vegetarians are much higher than in the general population; breastfeeding rates above 95% in a vegan population have been reported (2). In the US, 39% of infants in the general population are still being breastfed at age 6 months (3) while studies examining vegan children showed most were breastfed well into the second year of life (4). Breastfed infants of well-nourished vegetarian mothers grow and develop normally (1).

Current research indicates that only newly absorbed (as opposed to the mother's reserves) vitamin B12 is passed through the breast milk (5). Reliable daily sources of vitamin B12 for nursing mothers are fortified meat analogs, fortified cereals, and fortified soymilk. Vegetarian Support Formula nutritional yeast or a supplement must be maintained throughout the nursing period (6,7).

Vegan infants who are not breastfed should receive soy-based infant formula until at least the first birthday. Soy or other "milks" are not suitable substitutes for infant formula. Soy infant formulas support normal growth in infants (1,8).

Solid foods should be added to the diet in accordance with accepted infant feeding guidelines, which generally suggest starting solids during the middle of the first year of life. Usually iron fortified infant cereal is the first food introduced, followed by vegetables, fruits and then protein foods. Individual food items should be introduced gradually and in small amounts. Parents should proceed with caution when introducing solid foods to the infants diet (9). Commonly identified vegan food allergens are wheat, peanuts, tree nuts, and soybeans. Refer to pediatric guidelines for the introduction of known food allergens, particularly if a family allergy history exists.

Toddlers

Toddlers and preschoolers (children from age 1 to 5) are notorious for strong food preferences, and vegan children are no exception. Raising a child on a vegetarian diet does not assure that the child will like all plant-based foods. Vegan toddlers can have the same dietary issues as omnivore toddlers such as a dislike of vegetables and/or selective eating habits. (10,11,12) Practical information for vegetarian families with picky eaters has been published elsewhere (11,12,13).

Young children need more than three meals a day. Nutritious snacks consisting of the same foods that would be served at meals-beans, grains, fruits and vegetables- add significantly to the nutrient intake of the vegan child. Many vegan toddlers are still nursing, which aids in the intake of calcium, protein and other nutrients (4).

A common misconception is that vegan children will have poor growth. The FARM study examined a vegan community in Tennessee. A sample of 404 children, vegan from birth, was slightly shorter than controls at age 1 to 3, and was comparable in height at age 10 (2). Studies of British vegan (non-macrobiotic) children showed they were taller than controls, and weighed slightly less (14).

School-aged children

Many school-aged children (ages 5 to 12) have been following a vegan diet from birth. However, it is becoming more common for children as young as 7 or 8 years old to select this diet for themselves.

School snacks and lunches will probably need to be brought from home, as school lunches may have limited vegan choices. However, schools may offer juices, vegetables, fruits, dairy free breads, baked potatoes and even bean burritos on occasion.

While some people express concern that children who are vegan may find the diet socially difficult, that is not necessarily the case. Many children avoid food items for religious reasons or food allergies/intolerances, not to mention simply disliking the food.

Adolescents

Many teens (ages 13 to 19) adopt a vegan diet because they view the use of animals for food to be against their moral beliefs. Few data are available on the eating habits of vegan teenagers. Vegan teens are still teens and therefore common teen eating habits are to be expected. Foods with low nutrient density such as French fries and non-dairy desserts may be chosen over green leafy vegetables. Since vegan diets are more common among teen-agers as are eating disorders, some health professionals have noted that vegetarian diets are somewhat more frequent among teens with eating disorders than in the general adolescent population. Though a vegetarian lifestyle may not directly lead to an eating disorder, recent data suggests that vegetarian adolescents are more likely to exhibit abnormal eating attitudes and behaviors associated with a disorder than non-vegetarians (15, 16). Be aware that adolescents with eating disorders may choose to become vegetarian as another way to restrict their eating.

Nutritional considerations

Many of the same dietary concerns apply to both the vegan and omnivorous child. How many fruits and vegetables does the child eat? Is there an excess of empty calorie foods? Is the child getting adequate fiber? Are good sources of vitamin C and vitamin A consumed daily?

Caloric intake

Adequate caloric intake is essential to the growth of all children. The diet must have sufficient caloric density so that the child does not feel full before energy needs are met. To reduce bulk, some refined grains can replace servings of whole grains; dried and cooked fruits can be substituted for some fresh fruits and vegetables. High fat foods should not be overly restricted. Foods such as seeds, nuts, and nut butters provide a concentrated source of calories as well as necessary minerals and protein. High fat foods such as ground flaxseed and various vegetable oils aid in adequate caloric intake as well.

Protein

If caloric intake is adequate and the child is not eating an excessive amount of low energy foods, protein intake most likely will be adequate. The frequency of meals in a young child's diet greatly assists in providing a variety of amino acids to be available for protein synthesis throughout the day. Legumes, grains, soy products, meat analogues, and nut butters, are all concentrated protein sources. Vegetarian children may get a significant amount of their protein requirement from grains and vegetables simply because of the large number of servings eaten per day.

Fat

Concern about total dietary fat and saturated fat has led many families to use non-fat or low-fat "milks" and substitute fat free spreads for margarine. Low-fat soymilk and rice milk contain low levels of fat and protein. If these products are used parents must be sure children are getting adequate fat and protein from other dietary sources. Infants get adequate fat and protein from breast milk or infant formula. Full-fat soymilk is generally recommended for young children. Breastfeeding a child during the second year of life helps assure adequate fat and protein intake as well.

It should not be assumed that all vegan diets are low fat. Vegan diets can be low fat; however, the average fat intake of vegan adults ranges from 28 to 31% of calories (17). Vegan foods such as some baked goods, some non-dairy desserts, nuts, oils and French fries are high in fat. Current heart-healthy dietary guidelines recommend eating more unsaturated fat found in foods such as vegetable oils, nuts, nut butters, avocados, etc. (18).

Calcium

Osteoporosis prevention appears to be enhanced by achieving maximum bone mass in the first years of life. The Healthy People 2000 Final Review and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002 indicate that the dietary intake of most children is far from meeting the DRIs for calcium (19,20,21). Vegan sources of calcium for children include breast milk, calcium-fortified juices and cereals; calcium-fortified soy and rice beverages; low oxalate vegetables like collard greens and bok choy; and blackstrap molasses. In addition, baked goods made with fortified vegetable milks can contribute significant amounts of calcium to the diet of children. For children with a low dietary intake of calcium, a supplement may be necessary. Liquid and chewable flavored supplements may appeal more to children and are available. Daily weight bearing exercise will enhance the benefit of calcium intake on bone health.

Vitamin D

In the southern US, sunshine can be an adequate source of vitamin D year-round. In northern states there is not adequate sunshine in the winter to allow the body to produce vitamin D. Vitamin D synthesis is less in infants, children, older adults, and people with dark skin; and can be blocked by sunscreen (1). Therefore a dietary source is recommended for all children. Fortified soy or rice milk, fortified breakfast cereals, or a vitamin supplement can be used to augment vitamin D intake.

Iron

Iron deficiency anemia is the most common childhood nutritional problem. While meat contains heme iron that is better absorbed than the non-heme iron found in plant foods, iron deficiency anemia is no more likely to occur in vegetarian than non-vegetarian children (1) and adults (22), though woman are more susceptible (23). Good iron sources include whole or enriched grains and grain products, iron-fortified cereals, legumes, and green leafy vegetables. Consuming foods rich in vitamin C at the same meal enhances non-heme iron absorption (24). Phytate, which is found in whole gains can inhibit the absorption of iron, therefore, refined grain products may be included in meals.

Vitamin B12

Vegans consume no animal products thus they must consume vitamin B12 fortified foods or supplements. There are several foods popular with children that are fortified with a vegetarian (non-animal derived) vitamin B12 such as fortified cereals (check labels), Red Star Brand Vegetarian Support Formula nutritional yeast, meat analogs, and fortified soymilks. Most children's multivitamins contain vitamin B12.

Previously reported as containing vitamin B12, tempeh (a cultured whole soybean product), sea vegetables (kelp, kombu, arame), miso (a fermented soybean paste), unfortified nutritional yeast, algae, and spirulina are undependable sources of B12 (12,25). Since a deficiency risks permanent neurological damage it is critical to assure a reliable daily source of this vitamin.

Zinc

There is limited information on the zinc content of diets of vegetarian children (1). Zinc from breast milk is better absorbed than zinc found in infant formula, most likely due to the presence of zinc-binding proteins in human milk (26).

Plant foods abundant in zinc also contain phytates that decrease zinc bioavailability. Though refined foods generally contain lower amounts of phytic acid, the amount of zinc present for absorption is also less than its unrefined counterpart. Therefore, plant foods rich in both phytate and zinc, such as whole grains, nuts, legumes and nuts, result in an overall increased absorption of zinc due to the increased zinc content (27). Studies have shown that consuming leavened products (i.e. bread), protein, and fermented foods decreases phytate binding, thereby increasing zinc absorption (28). Soaking, germinating, or milling foods additionally aids in zinc absorption (29)

Vegan children should include a variety of zinc-rich foods in their diets, such as whole grain pasta, wheat germ, fortified cereals, legumes, and peanut butter.

PRACTICAL ASPECTS

Meal planning for new vegans

The vast majority of food in a vegan diet, such as whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables is healthful and should be included in any diet. Peanut butter sandwiches, pasta with vegetables, bean burritos, lentil soup, vegetables, salads, hot cereal, and breads are all vegan. Traditional main dishes using meat and/or cheese can be substituted with soy or wheat gluten-based meat analogs. Eggs may be replaced with commercial starch-based egg replacers, ground flaxseeds, blended tofu, mashed bananas, applesauce, or prune puree, depending on the recipe. In recipes, the ratio of soy/rice milk to cow's milk is identical and a good dairy-free alternative. It is generally recommended that vegan children use brands fortified with calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12.

It may be easier to find vegan dishes at ethnic restaurants when eating out, though the increasing popularity of vegetarianism has resulted in a greater awareness by the restaurant community. Most restaurants will accommodate a vegan, particularly if prior arrangements are made. Many ethnic dishes are not meat based. Stir-fried vegetables with tofu, Indian lentil dishes (dal), and hummus are but a few examples. Juice box-sized soymilk is handy for traveling or eating away from home, as soymilk is not commonly available from commercial foodservice. However, most restaurants serve fruit juice.

Omnivore families with one vegan child may find it helpful to serve meals that each person assembles themselves such as a chef salad served salad bar style, tacos, etc. When a meat-containing entree is served, it may be possible to create a vegan version at the same time. A small non-meat, no cheese lasagna can be made while making a meat containing one. Chili, pizza, bean soup, and pasta sauce can all be made without meat or using meat analogs. Another meal planning strategy is to serve a side dish for the omnivores such as vegetable and grain casseroles that can function as the entree for the vegan. The entire family can enjoy a few meatless dinners each week.

Conclusion

Vegan diets can easily meet the nutritional needs of the growing child. It is important for parents to research, plan and become aware of good resources when raising a vegan. Most of the nutritional concerns and issues vegetarian families have are similar to those of other families.



References

Position of the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada. Vegetarian Diets. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003; 103:748-764.
O'Connell JM, Dibley MJ, Sierra J, Wallace B, Marks JS, Yip R. Growth of vegetarian children: The Farm Study. Pediatrics. 1989 Sep; 84 (3): 475-481.
CDC. Breastfeeding: Data and Statistics: Breastfeeding Practices-Results from the 2005 National Immunization Survey. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/NIS_data/data_2005.htm. Accessed January 9, 2007.
Sanders TAB, Reddy S. Vegetarian diets and children. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994; 59: 1176S-1181S.
Aziz SA. Evaluation of vitamin B12 status in Egypt IV: food consumption patterns among lactating mothers and their impact on the intake of the vitamin. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2005 Nov; 56 (7):455-462.
Mangels AR, Messina V. Considerations in planning vegan diets: Infants. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001; 101:670-677.
Dunham L, Kollar L. Vegetarian Eating for Children and Adolescents. J Pediatr Health Care. 2006; 20(1):27-34.
Seppo L. A follow-up study of nutrient intake, nutritional status, and growth in infants with cow milk allergy fed either a soy formula or an extensively hydrolyzed whey formula. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005; 82:140-145.
Fiocchi A, Assa'ad A, Bahna S. Food allergy and the introduction of solid foods to infants: a consensus document. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006; 97:10-21
Johnson SL. Children's food acceptance patterns: the interface of ontogeny and nutrition needs. Nutr Rev. 2002 May; 60 (5 Pt 2):S91-413.
Cathey M, Gaylord N. Picky Eating: A Toddler's Approach to Mealtime. Pediatric Nurs. 2004; 30(2):101-107.
Messina V, Mangels AR. Considerations in planning vegan diets: Children. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001; 101:661-669.
Berkoff N. Vegetarian and Vegan Meal Planning. Diabetes Self Manag. 2003; May/June:65-73.
Sanders TAB. Growth and development of British vegan children. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988; 48:822-825.
Bas M, Karabudak E, Kiziltan G. Vegetarianism and eating disorders: association between eating attitudes and other psychological factors among Turkish adolescents. Appetite. 2005 Jun; 44(3):309-315.
Perry Cl, McGuire MT, Newmark-Sztainer D, Story M. Characteristics of vegetarian adolescents in a multiethnic urban population. J Adolescent Health. 2001; 29:406- 416.
Waldmann A, Koschizke JW, Leitzmann C, Hahn A. Dietary intakes and lifestyle factors of a vegan population in Germany: results from the German Vegan Study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003; 57:947-955.
Hu F, Willett W. Optimal Diets for Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. JAMA. 2002; 288 (20): 2569-2578
CDC. Healthy People 2000 Final Review. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/search.do?action=search&queryText=Healthy+People+2000. Accessed January 9, 2007.
Gao X. Meeting adequate intake for dietary calcium without dairy foods in adolescents aged 9 to 18 years (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002). J Am Diet Assoc.2006; 106: 1759-1765.
Fulgoni VL 3rd, Huth PJ, DiRienzo DB and Miller GD. Determination of the optimal number of dairy servings to ensure a low prevalence of inadequate calcium intake in Americans, J Am Coll Nutr 2004; 23:651-659.
Larsson CL, Johansson GK. Dietary intake and nutritional status of young vegans and omnivores in Sweden. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002; 76:100-106.
Waldmann A, Koschizke JW, Leitzmann C, Hahn A. Dietary Iron Intake and Iron Status of German Female Vegans: Results of the German Vegan Study. Ann Nutr Metabol. 2004; 48:103-108.
Hallberg L, Hulthuen L. Prediction of dietary iron absorption: an algorithm for calculating absorption and bioavailability of dietary iron. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 72:1242.
Donaldson MS, Metabolic vitamin B12 status on a mostly raw vegan diet with follow-up using tablets, nutritional yeast, or probiotic supplements. Ann Nutr Metabol. 2000; 44 (5-6):229-234.
Dibley MJ. Zinc. In: Bowman BA and Russell RM, eds. Present Knowledge in Nutrition, 8th Edition. Washington, DC: ILSI Press, 2001; 329-343.
Hunt JR. Moving toward a plant-based diet: are iron and zinc at risk? Nutr Rev. 2002 May; 6 (5 Pt 1):127-134.
Lonnerdal B. Dietary factors influencing zinc absorption. J Nutr. 2000; 130:1378S- 1383S.
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tek bi sorun war
insan sindirim sistemi seluloz hazmedemediginden yediginiz seylerin cogu bosa gidiyo
ha bu arada sey gercegile kimse yuzlesmek istemiyo tabe

http://www.thebestpageintheuniverse.net/c.cgi?u=grill

siz ay hayvanlarin cani yanmasin diye ot yerken o otlarin yetistirilmesi sirasinda binlerce yemediginiz hayvan olduruluyo

yazik yazik
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olitere said:

DoruK said:

Bone said:

yumurta peynir süt şahane şeylerdir ama veganlarla dalga geçmeyin, herkesin yemek zevki ve hayat görüşü farklı.
ben kendi zevkinden değil çocuğa yaptığı haksızlıktan bahsediyorum. çocuğun suçu ne yahu? annesi babası öyle istiyor diye, asla gelişimi için yeterli olan protein miktarını karşılayamayacak ve yetersiz beslenecek. fiber ihtiyacını karşılayabilmek için binlerce kalori alması gerekecek vs. vs. milyon tane şey var hepsini hatırlamam mümkün değil ancak çocukların rahatça dengeli beslenmesi yerine gelişimleri için asla yeterli olmayacak aptal vegan diyetleriyle beslenmelerini acımasızca buluyorum.

Ne demek abi protein yetersiz baklagiller,tahıl,soya ürünleri ..vs ne güne duruyor, bunların hepsi fiber olarak da yüksek.
bu saydıkların arasından sadece baklagiller normal bir öğünle gereken protein ihtiyacını karşılayabilecek düzeyde. diğerleri yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları gibi göstermelik olarak yardımcı olabilir sadece, bir oturuşta 7 tabak yemeyeceğini varsayarak konuşuyorum tabii.

fiber falan için de bu böyle, kaldı ki her gün aynı şeyleri yemen gerekiyor bazı ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için. bu da insanı psikolojik olarak öldürür yani.

bunların hepsi böyle, bu şunda var şu bunda var diyorsunuz da yeteri kadar yok. en basidinden süt yahu, her şey var içinde anasınısatiym ya. süt nasıl içilmez?
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DoruK said:

olitere said:

DoruK said:

Bone said:

yumurta peynir süt şahane şeylerdir ama veganlarla dalga geçmeyin, herkesin yemek zevki ve hayat görüşü farklı.
ben kendi zevkinden değil çocuğa yaptığı haksızlıktan bahsediyorum. çocuğun suçu ne yahu? annesi babası öyle istiyor diye, asla gelişimi için yeterli olan protein miktarını karşılayamayacak ve yetersiz beslenecek. fiber ihtiyacını karşılayabilmek için binlerce kalori alması gerekecek vs. vs. milyon tane şey var hepsini hatırlamam mümkün değil ancak çocukların rahatça dengeli beslenmesi yerine gelişimleri için asla yeterli olmayacak aptal vegan diyetleriyle beslenmelerini acımasızca buluyorum.

Ne demek abi protein yetersiz baklagiller,tahıl,soya ürünleri ..vs ne güne duruyor, bunların hepsi fiber olarak da yüksek.
bu saydıkların arasından sadece baklagiller normal bir öğünle gereken protein ihtiyacını karşılayabilecek düzeyde. diğerleri yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları gibi göstermelik olarak yardımcı olabilir sadece, bir oturuşta 7 tabak yemeyeceğini varsayarak konuşuyorum tabii.

fiber falan için de bu böyle, kaldı ki her gün aynı şeyleri yemen gerekiyor bazı ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için. bu da insanı psikolojik olarak öldürür yani.

bunların hepsi böyle, bu şunda var şu bunda var diyorsunuz da yeteri kadar yok. en basidinden süt yahu, her şey var içinde anasınısatiym ya. süt nasıl içilmez?
abi kusura bakma da bunların hepsi bahane geliyor bana sen kendini hayvansal gıdasız yaşanamıyacağına ikna etmek için her türlü problem çıkartabilirsin diete.Süt süt diyorsun da bir hayvanın kendi yavrularını beslemek için ürettiği şeyi gaspediyorsun.Senin kendi türün zaten sen küçükken ihtiyacın olanı sağlıyacak kendi sütünü veriyor.İnsan etobur da evrimleşmemiştir dişlerimiz bile parçalamaya değil çiğnemeye daya yatkın doğada ki diğer etoburlarla karşılaştırdığımızda
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